HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act) Essay

The HIPAA is divided into two sections. Section one seeks to protect the right to continued health insurance cover for employees and their family members in the event of losing their job or shifting to another job (U. S. Department of Labor, 2010). This section also dictates limitations to group health plan benefits, which can be provided to preexisting condition to between 12 and 18 months after enrollment into the plan. However, the act does not impose such restrictions to long term plans provided separately from general health plan. This enables employees and their families to have insurance cover even after losing employment. The other crucial provision of the HIPAA is on patient information privacy (National Institute of Health, 2007). In a move to simplify and improve the efficiency of the use and transfer of health information, the act dictates for the development of rules setting standards for such operations within the health care system. The section also defines various programs for mitigating fraud activities or abuse of power in the system. On privacy, the act gives provisions for the use of disclosure of protected health care information of a patient (National Institute of Health, 2007). This is quite crucial in protecting the right to privacy and confidentiality by a patient. HIPAA also sets new transaction and code sets rule, which defines the standards for health care institutions to file their electronic claims for compensation. In addition, the act has established a security rule, which dictates new safeguard in dealing with electronic protected health information (U. S. Department of Health & Human services, 2003). To ensure effectiveness as well as flexibility of the security rule, it defines both required and addressable specifications for implementing the rule; with the latter being more flexible. Therefore, the HIPAA protects employee health insurance cover after loss of change of job and safeguards protected health information use and disclosure.

Resume Cover Letter samples Essay

Dear Mr. or Ms. Last Name: Your opening paragraph should briefly introduce you and your interest in the company. If you are aware of a specific position or opening, refer to it now. This paragraph should also be used to mention the names of individuals you have met from the company (e.g., at the EIS, company event or other networking event), or the individual who directed you to this person. Cite other research that prompted you to write, such as a recent article on the company or a positive networking interaction. The last line in this paragraph should give a summary statement of who you are and why you are a strong fit for the position. Your middle paragraph (or two) should consist of specific examples from your background that would be of greatest interest to the company and consequently create the â€Å"notion of fit.† Do not just make broad generalizations about your skill set – any assertions about your skills have to be backed up with specific examples of how/why you have developed those skills. Focus on your skills and accomplishments and how they could contribute to the company, but do not simply restate what is on your resume. Demonstrate that you know about the organization and the industry. If you are a career changer, it is essential to clearly state your transferable skills from previous experience that directly relates to the skills required in the position you are interested in. Your closing paragraph represents your summation and should outline the key next steps. For example, state  that you would like to discuss employment opportunities or other information with the person and that you plan on contacting them on a specific date. If the company has a specific position available, ask for an opportunity to interview. Thank the addressee for his or her time and consideration. Include your telephone and email address in case the cover letter gets separated from your resume. Sincerely, (signature) Your Name Enclosure(s) (If you send resume or other materials.) Student Name 123 Riverside Drive Philadelphia, PA 19103 wstudent@wharton.upenn.edu Date Ms. Recruit Mint Best Company 123 Recruiting Lane New York, NY 10027 Dear Ms. Mint: As a first year student at the Wharton School, I would like to be considered for your product development summer internship program. After attending your on campus presentation in October, I became very excited about the exciting career opportunities and dynamic culture at Best Company. I was particularly impressed with Best Company’s ability to maintain a small company culture while offering the resources and professional development opportunities of a large conglomerate. Additionally, my conversations with Joe Smith and Susie Queue served only to strengthen my belief that Best Company would be the ideal place for me to leverage my strong analytical and marketing abilities to make a substantial impact in the consumer goods industry. I believe my strong finance and marketing background, along with my prior consumer goods experience will enable me to be an effective part of Best Company’s team. Prior to Wharton, I worked in the consumer goods industry for 5 years,  handling export sales and marketing products for a leading beverage firm. As the leader of a 15 person cross functional team tasked with launching the company’s first new product in 5 years, I learned a great deal about the importance of creating buy in at all levels of the organization and understanding consumers’ needs and preferences. Despite aggressive deadlines and budget constraints, I led the team to successfully launch a $10 million new product which continues to be one of the top 3 selling beverages in its segment. In addition, during my MBA training, I have focused on developing my strategic analysis and financial planning competencies, two areas which I know are critical success factors for product managers in Best Company. These skills, along with my prior work experience and passion for new product development, will enable me to significantly contribute to your business. I would welcome the opportunity to interview with your company when you are on campus on February 4. Please find my resume attached. I look forward to meeting with you soon and want to thank you in advance for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Wharton Student Enclosure: Resume Student Name 123 Uris Street, Apt 3 New York, NY, 10025 Date Ms. Recruit Mint Recruiting Coordinator Unilever 123 Any Street Anytown, State, 12345 Dear Ms. Mint: I am a first-year student at the Wharton School of Business planning on  pursuing a career in brand management. While attending your company’s presentation on October 4, I was particularly impressed with the entrepreneurial mindset of Unilever brand managers and their emphasis on both the qualitative side of marketing, creativity, and the quantitative side, market research. I believe that my background in consulting and strategic planning, combined with my exposure to marketing and consumer insight would be a strong fit for Unilever. Therefore, I am writing to request an interview for the Brand Management Summer Intern position in the Home and Personal Care business. Prior to attending Wharton, I acquired a diverse set of marketing, analytical and project management skills. My experience working directly for the Vice President of Market Research and Consumer Insight at Seagram’s Spirits and Wine on an ethnic marketing strategy will enable me to immediately grasp consumer marketing and demographic issues facing your products. My role as Manager in Strategic Planning for Seagram’s gave me the opportunity to interact with senior management, to work with marketing directors in foreign affiliates and to gain marketing experience with a global perspective. Specifically, I led cross-functional teams in Costa Rica, Venezuela and Mexico to refine marketing strategies for presentation to senior management. In addition, I managed several external agencies in public relations, advertising and events planning for a Captain Morgan awareness campaign which resulted in a 20% increase in brand awareness. I believe that my exposure to senior management and to the tactical side of marketing, combined with the skills I gained as a management consultant – analytical thinking, team leadership and client relationship management- will allow me to make an immediate impact at Unilever. I believe I possess the essential marketing and management skills to be a successful brand manager at Unilever and would appreciate the opportunity to interview on your closed list on February 8. Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to speaking with you soon. Regards, Student Name Enclosure: Resume Student Name 123 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA, 19111 Date Ms. Jane Doe Senior Recruiter Bank 123 456 Wall Street New York, NY 11111 Dear Ms. Doe: As a second year MBA student at The Wharton School of Business, I would like to be considered for your XXX position. Through discussions with current employees, including Victor Jones from your XYZ group, I am convinced that Goldman Sachs offers the best platform for a successful career. I have long been interested in the various financial innovations employing fixed income securities. This passion, combined with my strong banking experience this past summer and my very strong analytical and quantitative abilities, makes me a strong fit for your fixed income group. Over the past summer, I worked as a summer associate at Bank ABC in both equity research and corporate finance. I learned a tremendous amount about the operation of securities business and how to communicate and market one’s idea; however, it also made me realize fixed income securities and derivatives are a better fit with my quantitative and analytical approach than equities. Before business school I was trained and worked as a scientist in genetic research, during which I led teams in successful completion of two projects and further developed my communication and leadership skills. I would very much appreciate the opportunity to interview with your company when you are on campus on February 4th. I look forward to hearing from you. If you have any additional questions, I can be contacted at 215-XXX-XXXX or abc@wharton.upenn.edu. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, John M. Carter 123 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA, 19111 XXX-XXX-XXXX abc@wharton.upenn.edu Date Ms. Jane Doe Senior Recruiter Bank 123 456 Wall Street New York, NY 11111 Dear Ms. Doe, I just graduated from The Wharton School of Business and am extremely interested in pursuing a full time position in Sales and Trading with your firm. I am a highly motivated and outgoing individual, as evidenced by my previous work experience in the investment banking industry, and I am convinced that an opportunity in Sales and Trading would allow me to combine these traits with my analytical, computer and quantitative problem solving skills. Spending the summer rotating through the trading floor at Bear Stearns allowed me to realize that a trading environment with excitement, challenges and learning opportunities is where I need to be. While an analyst for Electronic Data Systems, I worked with Credit Suisse First Boston and Deutsche Bank traders and their systems. Prior to that, at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette I worked for the debt-trading desk, capital markets group and investment banking group. Through these positions, I gained substantial knowledge of the securities industry and experience in project management and business development. In addition, the demanding time constraints taught me to work well within a team. In addition, prior to starting at Wharton, I spent four months trading full time for my personal account. With these experiences, I feel that I have  substantial exposure to the markets and their trends and will continue to learn how to use them to my advantage. I have the educational background, academic achievement, practical experience, and passion to be an outstanding member of your team. I hope that you will find me well qualified for this position and I would like to reiterate my strong interest to discuss this opportunity and my qualifications with you further. I will contact you early next week to discuss a mutually convenient time for us to talk and look forward to meeting you soon. Thank you for your time and consideration; I hope to hear from you soon. Sincerely, Your Name goes here Student Name 1111 Ben Franklin Street Philadelphia, PA 19XXX XXX-XXX-XXXX xxx@wharton.upenn.edu Date Ms. Tina Brown Assistant Vice President Bank XYZ 999 Wall Street 12th Floor New York, NY 11111 Dear Ms. Brown: As a second year MBA student at Wharton School of Business, I am writing to express my interest in the full-time associate position at Bank XYZ in the London office. I am impressed with the opportunities the firm gives its employees to work in diverse teams and to advise clients on cross-border strategic decisions. Over the summer I served as a Summer Associate in the Real Estate Industry Group of JP Morgan’s corporate finance division. On the third week of my internship I was assigned to work on a French acquisition for a major client and was thrust into a field in which I had no prior experience. My rapid  understanding of this new area and my solid transaction management, people management and strong analytical skills enabled me to make valuable contributions to the project. The subject matter was fascinating and convinced me to further develop my real estate expertise by attending relevant classes, such as Real Estate Finance and Real Estate Transactions. I am interested in building on my summer experience and building a career in investment banking, particularly in the real estate field. Should you require additional information, please contact me by phone or via e-mail. I look forward to meeting with you when you are interviewing on campus in October. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, XXXXXXXXX Enclosure Student Name 123 West 21st Street Philadelphia, PA 19XXX Date Ms. Jane Johnson Strategic Planning Company ABC 101 JFK Parkway 5th Floor Any city, PA 19XXX Dear Ms. Johnson: I would like to express my interest in the XXX internship position with the Company ABC’s Strategic Planning Group. I have followed closely the movement of your company, and I have been very impressed. I believe that Company ABC has done a fantastic job leveraging its unique brand and assets into a relationship with the consumer that generates multiple streams of revenue from a single customer, and that it has done extremely well in creating new and profitable business segments for the company. Much of that success I attribute to the Strategic Planning  Group, and I would be very excited to use my skills in the development of the next set of strategies that will further strengthen that bond with the customer and that will produce consistent and profitable growth over the coming years. Prior to Wharton, I honed my team leadership, strategy development, and analysis skills while working at XXX Bank. I managed a project to boost net profits by $70 million per year by identifying dissatisfied customers and designing solutions to address their concerns. To succeed my team conducted focus groups to understand the reasons for card member complaints, brainstormed on programs to address these issues, created detailed cost-benefit analyses of proposed solutions, and ultimately coordinated the various groups necessary to implement our recommendations. The project required a comprehensive strategic vision, tremendous attention to detail, strong analytical skills, the ability to clearly communicate ideas, and the ability to mobilize groups with different agendas towards a common objective. I believe these skills would allow me to contribute to Company ABC by developing, analyzing, and implementing the next generation of business strategies. With my penchant for producing tangible results and my enthusiasm for tackling tough issues, I am confident that I can make significant contributions to Company ABC. I hope that you find my background and experience a good fit for your company, and I ask that you include me in your upcoming full-time interview schedule. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your time and consideration. Best regards, Student Name Steve Stevenson 222 Western Street, Apartment A Philadelphia, PA 19995 abc@wharton.upenn.edu 215-999-9999 mobile Date Mr. Jeff Jefferson Associate, Investment Banking ABC Bank 123 Wall Street. New York, NY 10004 Dear Mr. Jefferson: I am a first year MBA student at Wharton and am interested in interviewing with ABC Bank for a summer associate position in investment banking. After conducting informational interviews with Eric Erikson, Daniel Danielson, and David Davidson, I am very interested in becoming a part of the successful team at ABC Bank. Before attending business school, I worked for over four years in acquisitions at Company ABC, the nation’s largest health care REIT. My major accomplishments at Company ABC included: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Closing over 50 transactions totaling $425 million; Analyzing the acquisition of a $1.5 billion competing health care REIT; Preparing and presenting investment committee packages to the board of directors for transaction approvals; Leading multiple deal teams simultaneously on numerous transactions; and Ascending from analyst to assistant vice president through two promotions. I am confident that my skills and experience in the real estate industry will enable me to positively contribute to Company ABC. I appreciate your consideration for an on-campus interview with your firm in February. Should you require additional information please contact me at 215-999-9999. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Steve Stevenson Steve Stevenson 222 Western Street, Apartment A Philadelphia, PA 19995 abc@wharton.upenn.edu 215-999-9999 mobile Date Mr. Jeff Jefferson Recruiter ABC Company 123 Main Street. New York, NY 10004 Dear Mr. Jefferson: I am a first-year MBA student at Wharton with a concentration in marketing and prior experience in market development. I recently read about the joint venture ABC Company is doing with XYZ Communications to expand its broadcast presence in the young adult market. I would be very excited to speak with you about how I could contribute to the success of this exciting new partnership. I believe my background and prior experience will enable me to be an effective part of ABC Company’s team. Prior to Wharton, I worked in the European consumer good industry for four years, handling export sales and marketing for a leading Italian beverage firm. My experience working with the primary European and North American markets gave me a range of essential skills, including insight into consumer purchasing behavior, distribution channels, and advertising and media planning. I successfully managed new product launches and campaigns throughout Europe, helping the company expand into new markets. During my MBA training, I focused on developing my strategic analysis and financial/investment planning competencies. I believe that these skills coupled with my passion for media would enable me to significantly contribute to your business. I would like the opportunity to discuss how my talents could be utilized at Company ABC. I will contact you during the week of February 18 to set up a mutually convenient time for us to talk. Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to speaking with you. Sincerely, Steve Stevenson David Green P.O. Box 5555 New York, NY 10010 215-XXX-XXXX Date Ms. Mary Davison Vice President Company XYZ 100 5th Avenue New York, NY 10101 Dear Ms. Davison: I am a first-year student at the Wharton School of Business pursuing a career in investment management and I am writing to express my interest in the XYZ position with Company XYZ. Your long-term investment perspective and multiple portfolio counselor system bring a richer perspective to your investments. In addition, your unique research portfolio allows your Research Analysts to directly contribute to your friends’ success. During four years in the management consulting industry, I concentrated on improving distribution and manufacturing activities in my clients’ supply chains. The projects I completed taught me the many factors that influence the performance of publicly traded companies and allowed me to hone my client relations skills. Both competencies would serve me well at Company XYZ. My current part-time equity research position at ABC Asset Management is also developing my equity analysis and valuation skill sets. The detailed  research I am performing is furthering my knowledge of how to best analyze a company’s future prospects. I am very interested in speaking with you about how I would contribute to the success of Company XYZ. I hope to have the opportunity to meet with you during you on campus interviews on February XX. Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to speaking with you. Sincerely, David Green Enclosure John Talksalot 155 East 45th Street New York, NY 10001 xyz@wharton.upenn.edu 917-201-6716 Date Ms. Natalie Andrews Human Resources Associate Consumer Products Company ABC 555 Amsterdam Avenue Tarrytown, NY 10591 Dear Ms. Andrews: I am a first-year student at the Wharton School concentrating in marketing. I am writing to request an interview on March 3, 2003, for the Summer Associate Global Brand Management position. After attending your MBA Open House on October 21, 2003, and speaking with your colleagues, John Harvey and Jay Fisher, I believe Consumer Products Company ABC would be an excellent match for my future career in global brand management. My passion for the food sector stems from the early exposure I had by working in my family’s food business. I am also excited about contributing my four years of strategic planning and consumer insight to your company. As Manager of Strategic Planning at MasterCard, I led cross-functional teams that developed and implemented integrated marketing plans and successfully communicated our platinum card’s benefits to consumers with maximum impact  and efficiency. This role also afforded me the opportunity to interact with senior management from other divisions, work with marketing directors in foreign affiliates and gain marketing experience with a global perspective. I believe that my tactical success in expanding MasterCard’s brand name by targeting new consumer segments as well as my success in refining its core market strategies would enable me to make a fine contribution to your team. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to speaking with you soon. Best regards, Michael Talksalot Enclosure Jacob Jacobson 100 South 22nd Street Philadelphia, PA 19100 abc@wharton.upenn.edu Tel: (215) 999-9999 Date Ms. Karen Smith Campus Recruiting Manager ABC Consulting 150 Broadway New York, NY 10101 Dear Ms. Smith: I am a first year MBA student at the Wharton School writing to apply for a consulting position in your summer associate program. I am particularly interested in working in the Health Care practice of your New York office. After attending your company presentation and speaking with several consultants from your firm, including John Johnson of the Philadelphia office, I was excited by the opportunity to contribute to ABC Consulting’s innovative work in the health care field. Furthermore, I was impressed by the excellent structure of the summer program, and ABC Consulting’s strong reputation for focusing on both strategy and implementation. As a faculty  member at University of Pennsylvania Medical School, I led a number of basic science projects in diverse disease areas enjoying the opportunity to create and confirm hypothesis. (EXAMPLE) I also had the opportunity to gain managerial experience by collaborating closely with teams of biomedical researchers and ensuring the team thrived in environments of uncertainty. (EXAMPLE – include sentence here about quant skills and an example of how you used them). My biomedical science training coupled with my strong leadership experiences and extensive quantitative skills will enable me to provide value to ABC Consulting and its clients. I look forward to speaking with you or your representative when you visit campus in February. In case you require additional information, please feel free to contact me at 215-XXX-XXXX. Thank you very much for your consideration Sincerely, Jacob Jacobson Ms. Susie Stephenson 1955 Sansom Street Philadelphia, PA 19101 Mr. John Johnson Company ABC Corporate Finance Date Dear Mr. Johnson: I am writing to apply for a position as a Summer Financial Associate with Company ABC. As a first-year MBA at the Wharton School, where I am majoring in finance and health care management, I have come to appreciate the unique opportunities provided by Company ABC. After attending your on-campus presentation, I am excited about the finance opportunities at Company ABC. I have been particularly impressed by Company ABC’s ability to maintain a  small-company culture while building a large conglomerate of consumer products, medical device and pharmaceutical companies. With over four years of experience in the biopharmaceutical industry, I have not only developed sophisticated analytical skills, but also the leadership capabilities necessary to address the growing financial and strategic concerns facing companies today. Most recently as a Financial Analyst at XYZ Pharmaceuticals, where I provided financial support for two therapeutic areas as well as business development activities, I mobilized my colleagues to offer a struggling business unit better financial support. I implemented more insightful ways to look at value options through financial analyses as well as provided deal support on several out-licensing and codevelopment opportunities. In addition, my previous work advising biopharmaceutical clients at ABC Consulting enabled me to fine-tune my communication skills. With my drive, skills, and experience, I am confident that I can make an immediate contribution towards the growth of Company ABC. I look forward to the opportunity to interview with you or your representative when you are on campus in February. Attached please find a copy of my resume. If you have any questions, I can be reached at XXX-XXX-XXXX. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Susie Stephenson Date Mx. XXX XXX Company X Address City, State, Zip Dear XXXX, I am writing to apply for an XXX position with Company X’s ABC Division. After gaining additional perspective on ABC through my attendance at Company X’s information session and conversations with Benjamin Lim and David Kasper, I am convinced that ABC Division would be an ideal environment to  further my marketing career pursuits. I am impressed with Company X’s marketing training, cutting-edge drug research and ethics-driven culture. The pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategy insights I gained from health care consulting will enable me to make immediate and lasting contributions to ABC Division’s brand management teams. During my tenure at Consulting Firm Y, I assisted executives at Fortune 500 pharmaceutical companies in devising innovative, multi-channel sales and marketing strategies. By leveraging my creativity and analytical skills, I enabled my clients to differentiate themselves from their competition and enhance physician penetration and reach. My strong communication skills will also be valuable in crafting physician messaging and internally sharing information with my Company X teammates. This skill was recognized by upper management at Consulting Firm Y, as I was selected to lead firm-wide training on presentation crafting and storyboarding. Lastly, my initiative in developing a corporate knowledge sharing system at Consulting Firm Y reshaping ABC Pharmaceutical’s training and vendor qualification system, and serving on the Wharton MBA Curriculum Advisory Board demonstrate my leadership and involvement in continued enhancement of the environments where I have worked and studied. I look forward to the opportunity to interview and to continue to learn more about marketing career opportunities at Company X. Should you have any questions regarding my interests or qualifications, please do not hesitate to contact me via e-mail hc@wharton.upenn.edu or at XXX-XXX-XXXX. Sincerely, Student Name

Biological Causes Of Bipolar Disorder Psychology Essay

Biological Causes Of Bipolar Disorder Psychology Essay Bipolar disorder is likely one of the most difficult diagnoses to receive in terms of living a normal life. As a psychological disorder, or more specifically, a mood disorder, its typical age of onset is in the early twenties, and its prevalence is between one and two percent worldwide. The disorder is characterized by an alternation between mania and depression, as well as poor impulse control, attention deficits, and impairments of verbal memory. Intensity of the manic state in a bipolar patient determines whether they are diagnosed with bipolar I or bipolar II. Those with classic, full-fledged mania have bipolar I, where as those with a less extensive version involving anxiety or irritability, sometimes referred to as hypomania, have bipolar II (Kalat, 2013). Causes of the illness are not always clear, but one or a combination of factors such as neurochemical factors, environmental factors, and genetics usually play a part in the development of bipolar disorder (Bressert, 2007). Genetics are an essential factor, as bipolar disorder is a very biologically based illness. Certain genes have been shown to increase the risk of developing bipolar II disorder, and also some genes associated with a predisposition to major depression predispose to bipolar disorder. However, no definitive relationships exist between these genes and bipolar disorder (Kalat, 2013). Various statistics have been obtained through research as far as chances of developing bipolar disorder based on its prevalence within a family. For example, the risk of the illness is between fifteen and twenty-five percent for those with a parent who has bipolar disorder. Furthermore, the risk for someone whose non-identical twin has the condition is twenty-five percent, which increases eightfold if they are identical twins (Bressert, 2007). Biological Causes Overview Here is an overview of many different factors that are biological in nature and have implications in bipolar disorder, some of which will be explored in further detail later. As a primarily biological illness, the improper functioning of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and likely many others has been identified as a cause (Bressert, 2007). Another interesting biological factor includes the brain’s increased use of glucose throughout a manic episode and its decreased use of glucose during depressive episodes (Kalat, 2013). Studies analyzing the reelin gene which helps in brain function and development have found that there is a link between the dysfunction of the reelin gene and psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia, and more importantly for this paper, bipolar disorder (Ovadia, 2011). On a side note, there have also been studies which have found a gene that may provide some sort of protection against bipolar disorder. It is called GRIK4, and as a ‘kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor’ is part of the glutamate neurotransmission process (Pickard, 2006). Another in teresting indicator of bipolar disorder was found using sensory gating, and involves the P85 gating ratio (Patterson, 2009). Relating to the circadian rhythm aspect of the disorder and how disruption of this due to the disorder can be a cause of the manic and depressive states in bipolar patients, there have been some studies. The results of one study found an association between the NR1D1 and GSK3ÃŽÂ ² variants and differences in functioning of the expression of genes related to the ‘circadian clock’ system (McCarthy, 2011). An association specific to rapid cycling bipolar disorder involves the gene variation of CRY2, a ‘clock gene’ (Sjà ¶holm, 2010). A biological marker related to gluten sensitivity has been discovered which showed that those with bipolar disorder have ‘increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin’ (Dickerson, 2011). Finally, a recent study looked into gene expression in  lymphoblastoid cells, which could be a possible biological marker of bipolar disorder (Kato, 2011). Overall, it seems that there are still many questions as far as biological causes of the disorder, though progress towards the specifics of those markers is definitely being made.

Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aristotle - Essay Example Secondly is Pathos means Emotional appeal based on reader’s emotions. Pathos are used to persuade effectively to affect the audience’s emotional response, and emotional appeal to enhance an argument. Thirdly, Logos or (Logical) â€Å"word,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"reason†, the science dealing with the principles of valid reasoning and argument. According to Fahnestock, â€Å"This study determines the conditions under which one is justified in passing from given statements, called premises, to a conclusion that is claimed to follow from them. Logical validity is a relationship between the premises and the conclusion such that if the premises are true then the conclusion is true.† The  validity  of  an  argument should be distinguished from the truth of the conclusion. If one or more of the premises is false, the conclusion of a valid argument may be false. Logos or logical reasoning is the most important and Aristotle’s favorite. Since logos gives the most effective and gives reasons to an argument, and it is said â€Å" it cannot emphasized enough without reasoning† Aristotle’s logical validity has a relationship between the premises and the conclusion such that if the premises are true then the conclusion is true.The  validity  of  an  argument should be distinguished from the truth of the conclusion. If one or more of the premises is false, the conclusion of a valid argument may be false. This appeal is incredibly important. But each of these appeals are also important in people’s daily basis and it should come into play at different times with different

Candide as Atypical Enlightenment Cultural Production Essay

Candide as Atypical Enlightenment Cultural Production - Essay Example But if there was a single thing that defined the Enlightenment, it was the primacy of reason. This primacy led to all of the other changes in western thought and practice. Voltaire was in many ways the prototypical man of the enlightenment – a cross between a renaissance man and a modern scientist, Voltaire valued reason most highly in all of his philosophical works. The picaresque novel Candide, however, is in many ways atypical of Voltaire’s reputation. Probably the single most significant way it was atypical of the Enlightenment was its willingness to go to polemical extremes – often overstepping its logical argument for rhetorical purposes. One of the fundamental ways the Enlightenment separated itself from the era before it was a paucity of emphasis being placed on rhetorical technique. Rhetorical technique fundamentally relies on the manipulation of emotion, while Enlightenment thinkers would have preferred to win over their opponents through pure reason an d logical argument. Candide, however, takes an entirely different tact. One of its basic purposes was to mock the idea of optimism, an idea associated with the thinker Leibniz, and essentially argued that absolute, irrevocable evil did not exist. In some ways Voltaire counters this argument logically in Candide, by, for instance, demonstrating a great number of tragedies that seem to counter the most fundamental idea of optimism, such as ship wrecks, earth quakes, war, thievery and so on (Voltaire). This acts as a logical counter to the ideas that Voltaire is trying to counter. Yet, in an entirely un-Enlightened fashion, Voltaire also resorts to illogical tactics in order to drive his point home further. Rather than simply put the counterpoints logically and leave it at that, Voltaire finds it necessary to mock the very idea of optimism as ridiculous, in order to discredit Leibniz and his followers. Voltaire does this through the creation of the character Pangloss, who calls himself a follower of Leibniz, and indicates that he teaches what the master Leibniz argued (Voltaire 473). Voltaire makes this character the opposite of reasonable, and entirely comical in his idiocy. At one point, for instance, he completely inverts the ideas of cause and effect – saying that â€Å"the nose is formed for spectacles, therefore we wear spectacles† (475). This is obviously the reversal of cause and effect – spectacles are designed for a nose because we have a nose for them to sit on. But by mocking the lack of logic in his opponents, Voltaire actually demonstrates a lack of logic on his own part – this is an ad hominem argument, which is one of the most basic forms of logical fallacy. This thus goes against the fundamental ideas of the Enlightenment, and uses illogical arguments to try to convince the reader of something – in this case, the idiocy of optimism. If there is a single thing that defines the Enlightenment it is an intense attac hment to reason and rationality. If an argument cannot stand logically, it should not stand at all under Enlightenment thinking. Voltaire, however, moves away from this in his novel Candide. He seems so eager to make his points, to mock his adversaries, that he results to illogical arguments, placing rhetoric of a previous age above the rationality that was so central to the Enlightenment. Works Cited Voltaire. â€Å"Candide† in Norton Anthology of Western Literature Sarah N Lawall, Ed.

Development of Christianity from the time of Jesus to its acceptance Essay

Development of Christianity from the time of Jesus to its acceptance as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 370s - Essay Example Upon Herod’s death, they eventually returned home to Nazareth. Jesus grew up under the guidance of Mary and Joseph and little is known about his life during these times until he reached the age of 30 when he was said to have started his ministry (History World, 2010). His ministry was said to have lasted from one year to as many as four from AD c.29-33. It began with his baptism which was dated in the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius or AD 29 (History World, 2010). Jesus soon acquired followers after his baptism and the Gospels implied that he went on to perform miracles and to further gain followers through miracle healings. His main and initial followers grew to be his apostles, numbering 12 and most were fishermen (History World, 2010). One of the followers, Peter, slowly emerged as their leader and he was known to be the predecessor of the Church leaders, more particularly, the Pope (History World, 2010). Jesus’ ministry was mostly manifested in Galilee, and befor e the end of his life, he and his followers moved into Jerusalem before the Passover. His arrival in Jerusalem was not welcomed by those in power. His gatherings always attracted attention and crowds and this made him an easy target for the Romans (History World, 2010). After having supper with his disciples following the tradition of the Passover, he went to pray in the Garden of Gethsemane. There, Judas Iscariot, one of his disciples, led authorities to Jesus’ arrest. Pontius Pilate ordered Jesus’ crucifixion and thereafter, in Calvary, Jesus died (History World, 2010). The Bible goes on to narrate how after three days, he rose again. The sighting of Jesus by Mary Magdalene and the disciples and the discovery of the empty tomb all support the story of Christ’s resurrection (History World, 2010). After Jesus’ death, his followers, who called themselves Christians, grew rapidly (Religion Facts, 2009). Followers led by Jesus’ disciple Peter were leading a

Cyberslacking and the Procrastination Superhighway Article

Cyberslacking and the Procrastination Superhighway - Article Example The authors have used different studies to elaborate on the subject. The evidence is given from both strands of thoughts on the use of technology. Some believe that technology is useful for teens while others are against this view. The use of the internet in the workplace is also discussed and relevant studies are cited to highlight the negative effect of the internet on the productivity of employees. The tone of the article is academic in nature. The author has refrained from using opinions and subjective comments on the subjects. Everything that is mentioned in the article is backed by appropriate evidence which is good. The topic is also studied in depth and different aspects of the subject are highlighted. It can be safely said that authors have done justice with the subject. The article is also very informative and is written in a simple manner. Basic level English is used and flowery words are avoided. Authors are also ‘to the point’ when talking about internet procrastination. Emotions are also not used to explain anything in the article and everything is evidenced. The target audience of the article is the general academic and students of information technology. The article is not too technical therefore any internet using teenager can understand it. The way with which authors have conducted their research is also admirable since they have given all relevant information in a way that is understandable to everyone. Data was collected through the internet and email. Participants were required to fill a survey questionnaire and then filled questionnaires were studied for results. The survey was also filled voluntarily by participants, therefore, results should be considered objective.  

Computing, Society and Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computing, Society and Ethics - Research Paper Example This prevents the distortion of the correct information thus avoiding unnecessary errors during treatment which is administered by the doctor. In addition, the new hybrid robot-assisted procedure reduces the painful operation process and also reduces the time spent on one patient. Advancements in technology result to increased effects of computers to the society, thus ethics should address evolving issues surrounding the use of the remote heart surgery (Duquenoy, Penny, Simon, and Barry 78). In the health sector, the remote controlled robot plays a key role in the entire process of heart disease diagnosis and treatment. It is a vital process in that it directly affects the life of other people thus the standards of its ethics should be high. The remote heart surgery equipment has two parts; the control console and the operating component which is the actual robot. Ethics related to the robot are used in decision making, which is necessary in saving the lives of patients. Written codes relating to cardiac procedures that are robot-assisted guide the doctors in the administration of proper treatment. In their research and implementation of new surgical equipment in the health sector, doctors should abide to the set ethics. Importantly, the remote heart surgery plays a substantial role in these discoveries; thus there should be a close working relationship between the two ethics. The lives of patients suffering from heart disorders depend on the accuracy of the robot arm t hat medics implement for treatment. Often, the robot is directly related to computers as it uses computing commands in its functioning process. This means that computing ethics have a direct effect to the society and influence enormous activities in the surgery procedure (Rosenberg 99). The remote heart surgery is an example of the intensity of computing in treating heart

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategy - Essay Example It has 760 stores in UK and 30 countries around the world. (Annual Report) M&S profits peaked in 1998 when it crossed the  £ 1 billion mark that year. It was the highest achieved by a UK retail chain. From then until 2002 it was downhill. In 2004 a new CEO Rose took over the reins and M&S slowly but surely got back to making higher profits every year since, although they are still far from the billion pounds they made in 1998. (see Appendix 1) Several major factors affected profits, the barometer of public support and financial performance. Rivals had switched to source their products from abroad at cheaper prices while M&S continued with the costly UK suppliers. As a result margins came under pressure, sales became stagnant and profits plummeted. From a high of a billion pounds in 1998, the profits fell to a low of 145 million in 2001. M&S were forced to curtail their dependence on UK suppliers and resort to other means for sustenance. (see Appendix 1) The second factor was the company policy not to accept credit cards. This had become a universal phenomenon and denial was luring younger and more mobile customers away to other rival outlets that offered this facility. The third factor was that M&S had abandoned its high street image and had gone for low end products like rivals were doing and it suffered an image loss. It was earlier known for quality of its products and it was no longer a leader in that segment. This forced a serious rethinking in the boardroom and let to a total revamp in both control and strategy of the company. A new post of Chairman as well as a new one for a CEO, as against a combined post, were created and have since seen the company’s fortune turn around. M&S, chastened by the serious erosion in customer loyalty and profits decided to revert to its roots. In the first stage they went back to exploit their core competencies. M&S started off with introduction of a new range of classical clothing for women and it was reported

Costs and Benefits of Inflation Essay Example for Free

Costs and Benefits of Inflation Essay High inflation has many costs: Inflation erodes the value of money. When future prices are less predictable, sensible spending and saving plans are harder to make. People increasingly fear that their future purchasing power will decline and erode their standard of living. Inflation encourages investments that are speculative and take advantage of inflation rather than productive investment. It can also create the illusion of temporary financial success while masking fundamental economic problems. Businesses and households must spend more time, and money, protecting themselves from the effects of rising costs and prices. Businesses, workers, and investors respond to signs of inflation by pushing up prices, wages, and interest rates to protect themselves. This can lead to a â€Å"vicious circle† of rising inflation. Inflation can mean particular hardship for those whose incomes don’t keep pace with the rising level of prices, especially people on fixed incomes such as senior citizens who are receiving pensions. Low inflation has many benefits: Consumers and businesses are better able to make long-range plans because they know that their money is not losing its purchasing power year after year. Interest rates, both in nominal and real terms, are lower, encouraging investment to improve productivity and allowing businesses to prosper without raising prices. Sustained low inflation is self reinforcing. Businesses and individuals do not react so quickly to short-term price pressures by seeking to raise prices and wages if they are confident that inflation is under long-term control. This contributes to keeping inflation low.

Investigating the Accuracy of the Air-column Length

Investigating the Accuracy of the Air-column Length 1.0 Introduction (max 500 words) Sound is a vibration that transmits as a typically audible mechanical wave of displacement and pressure through a medium such as water or air (Wikipedia, 2015). A pressure disturbance that travels through a medium (particle to particle interaction) is called a sound wave. Particles become disturbed, causing one to exert a force to the adjacent particle; hence particles are disturbed from rest resulting in energy being transported through the medium (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). The displacement of a medium’s particles is parallel to the wave propagation direction, which characterises longitudinal wave (A.Russell D, 1998). Particles do not travel down the tube; they vibrate back and forth between their individual equilibrium. Due to the longitudinal waves, there are particles in the air that are compressed, whereas others are dispersed, which are called compression and rarefaction (Figure 1). The longitudinal wave does not have peaks, so the wavelength is usually measured using the distance between the compressions or the rarefactions. Figure 1 – Compression and rarefaction (Geeks Unite, 2013) The speed of sound is dependent on the temperature, which can be generated from, where v is the speed of sound and T is the temperature. However, in the experiment the velocity of sound waves is found by multiplying the wavelength and the known frequency of tuning forks. Wavelength is described as the length of one cycle of the wave. When a system is driven by the natural frequency, a resonance frequency occurs. However, the amount of wavelength sections can determine several natural frequencies through a column of air in a tube ( in Figure 2). When a tuning fork is held above the tube (Figure 2) while vibrating, if the tuning fork’s frequency aligns with the air column, air particles will be pushed by the tuning fork’s vibrations at a frequency which causes the vibration in the air column (Ping E, 2011). Figure 2 – Example of the experiment’s setup (NASA, 2010) Figure 3 – Resonance tube with closed and open end (NASA, 2010) Although compressions and rarefactions are in opposite directions, when they are reflected at the end of the closed tube (closed end is water) into the converse direction; propagation of waves are produced. The wavelength is calculated through the air column, because a tube’s shortest resonance length is a quarter of the wavelength (Figure 3). Resonance occurs at the greatest amplitude of the sound waves, hence, wavelength can be calculated as (Walding R et al, 2004). The fundamental frequency (first harmonic) has a node (when displacement of the amplitude is zero) at the closed end of the air column and an antinode at the open end (Figure 3 left) (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). By adjusting the tube, the third harmonic will appear next as one vibrational node and two vibrational antinodes form the frequency of the harmonic (Figure 3 right). Even though the wavelength and frequency can be multiplied to find the velocity of sound, they are not factors that will affect the velocity, which indicates the changes in wavelength only results in an inverse impact of the frequency (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). 4.0 Discussion 4.1 Analysis By investigating the accuracy of the air-column length using resonance tubes in water, it was clear that the results were achieved with relatively high accuracy when compared with the calculated air-column length when the room temperature was measured and assumed to be constant at; hence the velocity of sound was. It was discovered that the resonance tube’s diameter had an indirect relationship with the length of air-column, which an increase in tube’s diameter results in a decrease in the air-column length. From Table 1, the air-column lengths for each tube at all frequency declined from 0.161m, 0.231m and 0.329m to 0.134m, 0.203m and 0.301m respectively as the diameter of tubes increased from 0.0164m to 0.0865m (same trend in Table 2). As Graph 1 showed more explicitly through the decreasing linear trendlines at different frequencies, the indirect relationship between air-column length and tube diameter was justified. Moreover, the gradients of the trendlines were the end correction that appeared to be between, which approximately corresponded with equations of the theoretical data and the formula of wavelength (), but for this experiment using end correction of 0.4 could be invalid as each set of data may have its specific end correction, possibly causing inaccuracies. The measured data seemed to contain relatively high accuracy (overlapped with the theoretical data) in contrast with the theoretical data (Table 2) in Graph 1. Therefore, the end correction and hypothesis were justified. As frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, Graph 2 illustrated the inverse relationship between frequency and air-column length where all air-column lengths declined as the frequency grew. While the values were close to 1, the data plotted did not perfectly fit the trendlines, which indicated that some errors were in the data (see 4.2 Evaluation). Due to tube B and C having similar diameters (0.038m and 0.039m), and only three decimal places were kept when calculating the air-column lengths, the trends were not presented distinctly as the other three tubes. If the results were kept in more decimal places, tube C would have a shorter air-column length than tube B at constant velocity of sound and frequency. Anomalies were expected and four were identified (highlighted in Table 7). Standard deviation was used to distinguish between the raw data. Results were seen as anomalies if they were not in the range of two standard deviations and average air-column length (). The highlighted data were believed to be one-off values as they appeared randomly, hence disregarded when calculating the average air-column length. The anomalies may have occurred due to parallax when interpreting the measurements from the measuring tape, which can be avoided in further experiments. Another reason may also be mistaking overtones as resonance or missing points of resonance, and particles (e.g. PVC pipe’s debris/scraps) Overall, the data collected were relatively reliable and expected in the hypothesis, thus, justified the inverse relationships between air-column length and tube, as well as frequency and air-column. Therefore, the data proved that wavelength was inversely proportional to frequency (The P hysics Classroom, 1996-2015). 4.2 Evaluation The experiment was completed in one day with consistency. However, errors were found between measured data and theoretical data. Table 3 showed the percentage error between measured and calculated (theoretical) air-column length. All percentage errors were less than 1% (varied from 0.004% to 0.612%). Hence, the errors were insignificant and the measured results contained relatively high accuracy with precision. Theoretically, the velocity of sound should be the same at across all tubes at all frequencies as the temperature was kept constant; however, the data varied between a range of and (Table 4). Percentage errors were negligible (all under 1% with highest value of 0.397%) which were calculated to compare with the theoretical velocity at () (Table 5). Propagation error of velocity of sound was also investigated by considering the error of apparatus, which was compared with the theoretical velocity. Since this error was less than, the error was considered to be insignificant that the measured data contained comparatively high accuracy; thus, justified the experiment as a valid experiment. Graph 3 presented the average velocity calculated, the velocities of five pipes differed from each other. Theoretically, an increasing trend in variance should present in Graph 3, but pipe B and C seems to have extremely large variances (errors), hence disregarded. Thus, increasing trend only applies to pipe A, C and E. Evidently, pipe A had the smallest variance, which implied high precision; hence, pipe A was considered to have the highest accuracy. Furthermore, random errors were made as the tuning fork may have been held incorrectly as hands were moving up and down to adjust the air-column, or pipes were not held completely perpendicular to the ground. The anomalies can be improved by using an electronic ruler to collect air-column lengths to avoid parallax. When finding the harmonics, overtones which relates to the third and fifth frequencies should be avoided. In addition, room temperature may be measured when collecting each trial’s data to calculate the speed of sound to ensure higher accuracy of the air-column length. Due to the experiment being conducted in the classroom with all other experiments conducting at the same time, surrounding noise might be another reason for anomalies occurring; hence the experiment should be completed in a quiet room to avoid resonance interference by other sounds. Furthermore, the experiment can be extended by using AFO (Audio Frequency Oscillator) that generates frequency (at certa in level) and a speaker instead of tuning forks to alternate the frequency and water level to determine the air-column length (Gadani D.H, 2011). Resonance is used in real life applications, usually for music instruments. Flutes can be estimated as cylindrical tubes with two open ends, whereas a clarinet has a closed end which the air is blown from one end and resonance occurs (Walding R et al, 2004). Clarinets usually have frequency range between 125Hz to 2000Hz (Brown S, 1996-2012) with 15mm inner diameter (Fox S, 2000). Since clarinet’s frequency could be around 200Hz, theoretical equation (at 256Hz from Graph 1) was manipulated (Graph 4) to determine the air-column length of the clarinet. The fundamental harmonic is predicted to occur at 33cm; however, at the third harmonic the result (99cm) almost matches with the real clarinet length of 94cm (Nave R, 2015). The length of clarinet must be an exact wavelength in order for the resonance to occur. Therefore, with a percentage error of 6.38% the prediction seems reasonable and appropriate, which justifies that the experiment can be extrapolated to real life application in the future. 5.0 Conclusion When the velocity of sound was kept constant at a certain temperature, the resonance tubes’ inner diameters were measured with known frequencies written on tuning forks, the wavelength was calculated, hence the air-column length could be determined (). It was found that the air-column length had an indirect relationship with the frequency when velocity of sound was kept constant and an inverse relationship with the tubes’ diameters while both velocity of sound and frequency were maintained the same. This supported the hypothesis that frequencies would have similar impacts on the air-column as the decrease in frequency would lead to an increase in air-column length when diameter was unchanged.

heroin Essay -- essays research papers

Society today has been clouded and somewhat overtaken by social drugs. Wherever you may look, a drug is being used, whether it is more commonly a cigarette being smoked on the street, or the covert teens smoking marijuana in secluded areas. In any case, there is not one person who can say drug use is not prevalent, since society has made it clear through news, music and everyday life. However, there are certain drugs that seem to be worse than others, and society once again has taught us that through our laws and restrictions. The worse the drug, the more you pay for having it. Basically, drugs have become a part of our life, and you never know when they can land on your doorstep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An illegal drug, which has taken firm ground in society, is heroin. Heroin is one of the most used â€Å"hard† drugs in society today. Even though it is illegal, surveys have proved that many people have done and are still doing heroin. The worst part is that heroin is classified as having the worst addiction and withdrawal symptoms than any other drug. Heroin is known as â€Å"H† or â€Å"Brown†, and is related to other drugs because of its elementary foundation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heroin is related to morphine and codeine, since all three are derived from the opium poppy plant. They are called opiates, and are found in the dried â€Å"milk† of opium poppy seeds. Morphine and codeine are both very effective painkillers and are used for medical uses, such as cough medicines and after surgery painkillers. However, these drugs can form a quick dependency in the people that use them, and therefore must be used with caution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The opium poppy plant and its use date back as far as 6000-year-old Sumerian texts. The Sumerians are an ancient people, and referred to the poppy plant as the â€Å"joy plant.† In either the 7th or 8th centuries, it is believed that Arab traders brought opium to China, where it was used as medicine. At about the 17th century, it was realized that opium could be smoked. Later on m the Portuguese, then the British were supplying China with most of its opium. Britain would also sell opium to India to be smuggled into China, and in turn, the Chinese government would destroy the opium imports before it reached China. This little plant sparked two wars between China and Britain, and in conclusion, Britain received Hong Kon... ...tes to relieve withdrawal symptoms, and the person can be okay without the drug. Within detox, a person can talk to a counselor, so while their body is becoming physically better, psychologically they can be helped. Heroin addicts definitely need psychological help. Their minds tend to focus on getting more heroin and doing whatever they can to get it. This is so even if it means stealing or hurting friends and family. In conclusion, heroin is a disgusting drug, which can harm you and take away important time of your life. It is easy to overdose, you mess with the way you think, and the way your nervous system works. Heroin is the most addictive drug out there because the symptoms you get when you don’t have it are absolutely horrible. Synthetic opiates such as LAAM and methadone are drugs that can help a person get the physical experience, but still becoming free of the drug itself. The abuse of Heroin can destroy a person’s life, their friendships, and their bodies. When someone is addicted to heroin, they not only hurt themselves, they hurt the people who love them. Heroin Abuse and Addiction.† www.NIDA.com  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Opiates/Heroin.† www.druginformation.com heroin Essay -- essays research papers Society today has been clouded and somewhat overtaken by social drugs. Wherever you may look, a drug is being used, whether it is more commonly a cigarette being smoked on the street, or the covert teens smoking marijuana in secluded areas. In any case, there is not one person who can say drug use is not prevalent, since society has made it clear through news, music and everyday life. However, there are certain drugs that seem to be worse than others, and society once again has taught us that through our laws and restrictions. The worse the drug, the more you pay for having it. Basically, drugs have become a part of our life, and you never know when they can land on your doorstep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An illegal drug, which has taken firm ground in society, is heroin. Heroin is one of the most used â€Å"hard† drugs in society today. Even though it is illegal, surveys have proved that many people have done and are still doing heroin. The worst part is that heroin is classified as having the worst addiction and withdrawal symptoms than any other drug. Heroin is known as â€Å"H† or â€Å"Brown†, and is related to other drugs because of its elementary foundation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heroin is related to morphine and codeine, since all three are derived from the opium poppy plant. They are called opiates, and are found in the dried â€Å"milk† of opium poppy seeds. Morphine and codeine are both very effective painkillers and are used for medical uses, such as cough medicines and after surgery painkillers. However, these drugs can form a quick dependency in the people that use them, and therefore must be used with caution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The opium poppy plant and its use date back as far as 6000-year-old Sumerian texts. The Sumerians are an ancient people, and referred to the poppy plant as the â€Å"joy plant.† In either the 7th or 8th centuries, it is believed that Arab traders brought opium to China, where it was used as medicine. At about the 17th century, it was realized that opium could be smoked. Later on m the Portuguese, then the British were supplying China with most of its opium. Britain would also sell opium to India to be smuggled into China, and in turn, the Chinese government would destroy the opium imports before it reached China. This little plant sparked two wars between China and Britain, and in conclusion, Britain received Hong Kon... ...tes to relieve withdrawal symptoms, and the person can be okay without the drug. Within detox, a person can talk to a counselor, so while their body is becoming physically better, psychologically they can be helped. Heroin addicts definitely need psychological help. Their minds tend to focus on getting more heroin and doing whatever they can to get it. This is so even if it means stealing or hurting friends and family. In conclusion, heroin is a disgusting drug, which can harm you and take away important time of your life. It is easy to overdose, you mess with the way you think, and the way your nervous system works. Heroin is the most addictive drug out there because the symptoms you get when you don’t have it are absolutely horrible. Synthetic opiates such as LAAM and methadone are drugs that can help a person get the physical experience, but still becoming free of the drug itself. The abuse of Heroin can destroy a person’s life, their friendships, and their bodies. When someone is addicted to heroin, they not only hurt themselves, they hurt the people who love them. Heroin Abuse and Addiction.† www.NIDA.com  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Opiates/Heroin.† www.druginformation.com

Was Macbeth A Traitor :: essays research papers

'Macbeth deserved to die because he was totally responsible for the betraying the Scottish king, Duncan, and the Scottish people';. Write an analytical essay in which you explore the forces behind Macbeth's murdering ways. Macbeth deserved to die for betraying the Scottish king, Duncan, and the Scottish people; however, he was not totally responsible for his actions. Lady Macbeth and the three Witches also played a major role. They were responsible for convincing Macbeth to begin the series of events, which eventually led to the destruction of order in Scotland. Once she had received news of the three Witches' prophecies, Lady Macbeth was intent that she would eventually become Queen of Scotland. Initially, Macbeth had decided not to murder Duncan, 'We will proceed no further in this business'; (Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). However, Lady Macbeth was determined to continue with her original plan. She repeatedly insulted Macbeth's manhood, provoking him to continue with the plans to murder Duncan, 'When you durst do it, then you were a man; and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). She appealed to Macbeth's 'vaulting ambition'; so as to intensify the effect that the Witches' prophecies had on him, 'Great Glamis! Worthy Cawdor! Greater than both, by the all-hail hereafter'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene v). She convinced Macbeth that the rewards of the murder would far outweigh the drawbacks and clear their conscience, 'A little water clears us of this deed'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scen e ii). Although Macbeth dearly loved his king, Lady Macbeth yielded such a persuasive power over him that he was convinced the Witches' prophecies of Duncan's murder and the resulting kingship were his rightful fate. The three Witches deceived Macbeth by proclaiming ambiguous prophecies, which led him to believe that he would be a powerful and loved king. The second apparition, 'Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth'; (a bloody child, Act IV, scene i) led him to believe that he would never be harmed, as nobody alive can be 'none of woman born';. Macbeth failed to realise that the apparition was referring to Macduff, who was born by caesarean. The third apparition, 'Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to High Dunsinane hill shall come against him'; (a child crowned with a tree in his hands, Act IV, scene i) also fooled Macbeth into believing that he would not be harmed as king.

Hieroglyphic Writing :: essays research papers

Right from the beginning the deciphering of the mysterious Egyptian writing fascinated everybody. In 1799 a certain Captain Bouchard of the French Army was supervising work on the fortifications of Fort St. Julian, situated a little more than four kilometers outside the town of Rosetta when hi workmen discovered a stone which was destined to achieve great fame in archaeological history. It was in fact the â€Å"Rosetta Stone† which led to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs. As a result of the fortunes of war this precious stone fell into the hands of the British who gave it a place of honor in the British Museum. On one face of the stone, a tablet of extremely hard black basalt, there is a long trilingual inscription; the three texts begin written one above other. The first of the inscriptions, 14 lines long, is written in hieroglyphs. The second, 32 lines long, is written in demotic, from the Greek word â€Å"demos† meaning people, which refers to a type of script used by ordinary people. The third inscription, 54 lines long, is in Greek and hence was comprehensible. This latter text, translated without difficulty, proved to be a priestly decree in honor of Ptolemy Epiphanes which finishes with a formal instruction that â€Å"this decree, engraved on a tablet of hard stone, in three scripts, hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek, shall be engraved in each of the great temples of Egypt†. The honor of deciphering the hieroglyphs fell to two scholars, the Englishman Thomas Young and the Frenchman Francois Champollion who started work on it almost the same time and who were to see their efforts crowned by success. What Young achieved by instinct Champollion achieved by scientific method and with such success that by his death in 1832 he could leave behind him a grammar and a very substantial dictionary of ancient Egyptian. But what did this writing that the Greeks called hieroglyphic, from â€Å"hiero glyphica† that is â€Å"sacred signs† actually consist of? The ancient Egyptians themselves called their written texts â€Å"the words of the gods†. In fact according to tradition men were taught to write by the god Thot himself during the reign of Osiris. Down through the centuries the writing retained a sacred character and more or less magical powers.

Just Below the Surface

Just below the surface The story is written by Kate Nivison and takes place in a London suburb in an upper class environment (p. 41, l. 14) in modern time (p. 42, l. 23). It is a first person narrator so we sympathize with Indrani. Indrani: * Is an Indian woman (p. 42, l. 37) * Is education, but not highly educated * She is very bigoted (p. 42, p. 29-30) * She thinks the British people are xenophobic (the woman in the shop and the men from the council, p. 43, l. 5) * She is very concerned about what other people think about her (p. 42, l. 19) * She feels suppressed (p. 43, l. 16) * She wants to be a good wife and desperately wants to keep up her appearances (p. 42, l. 1) She wants to keep her pride that is typical for the Indian culture. * The British people are biased against her (p. 43, l. 13) * She is trying to assimilate to the society, but the society hasn’t assimilated to the foreigners because the foreigners want to keep their values (p. 48, l. ) * She develops through the story; in the beginning she doesn’t mind the racism against her. She doesn’t notice it. But in the end she gets an eye-opener. * She is dependent on her husband (p. 44, l. 6) * She tries to avoid conflicts Barry: * He is a hidden racist (p. 48, l. 14) * Is very ironic (p. 4, l. 31) * He uses metaphors (p. 47, l. 15) * He is insolent * He is very biased There are a lot of dialogs and direct speech in the story. Also colloquial language because of the direct speech.There can be drawn parallels to the story My Son the Fanatic because in both stories there is a person who tries to integrate to the British society. There can also be drawn parallels to Mrs. Frost and Barry because they are both very bigoted. There can also be drawn parallels to Robin Cook’s speech. He says the immigrants are good for the country while Barry wants to get rid of them. The rats symbolize the immigrants according to the Barry. The kitchen symbolizes her facade.

Childbirth In Ethnic And Cultural Groups Essay

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and on the community (short-term and long-term, including economic considerations, on-going care considerations, and comorbidities associated with prematurity). Identify at least (1) support service within your community for preterm infants and their family. Provide the link for your colleagues to view. Does the service adequately address needs of this population? Explain your answer. Babies who weigh 5.5 pounds (2500grams) or less at birth are low babies with low birth weight. Babies weighing 3.3 pounds (1500 grams) or less are Very low birth weight babies. According to World Health Organization â€Å"The 30 million low-birth-weight babies born annually (23.8% of all births) often face severe short- and long-term health consequences. Low birth weight is a major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and also has a long-term impact on health outcomes in adult life. Low birth weight also results in substantial costs to the health sector and imposes a significant burden on society as a whole† (WHO, 2014). The infants born to non-Hispanic Black women, 3.0 percent were very low birth weight in 2008, compared to 1.2 percent of infants born to non- Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander women and 1.3 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native women. The rate of infant mortality (death in the first year) has fallen steadily for both blacks and whites over the past twenty-five years. In 1980, 18 out of 1,000 black singleton babies did not live to their first birthday; by 2000 that figure had fallen to 12 out of 1,000. For white babies the comparable rates were 9 out of 1,000 in 1980 and 5 out of 1,000 in 2000(Reichman, 2005).The majority of costs accrue in the first year of life and costs for rehospitalization are higher than outpatient costs. Most relevant cost components after the neonatal period are expenses for re-hospitalization, outpatient visits, pharmaceuticals, medical aids and nonmedical costs for education, travelling, accommodation, child care as well as indirect costs (mainly parental time and/or wage losses) (Hodek, Schulenburg and Mittendorf, 2011). The local or federal government ought to provide financial assistance to the families while they  are taking care of them. The Alta Bates Summit Medical Center is the local resource I found that provides information about what is premature birth, delivery of you premature infant, what to expect when you have an extremely premature infant and symptoms of the premature baby. http://www.altabatessummit.org/nicuedu/preemie.html Reference World Health Organization, 2014 Nutrition, Feto-maternal nutrition and low birth weight. Retrieved on November 25, 2014 from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/feto_maternal/en/ Reichman N. 2005. Low Birth Weight and School Readiness Retrieved on November 25, 2014 from http://futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=38&articleid=118 §ion id=774 Hodek J., Schulenburg J., Mittendorf T., 2011 Measuring economic consequences of preterm birth Methodological recommendations for the evaluation of personal burden on children and their caregivers Retrieved on November 26, 2014 from http://www.healtheconomicsreview.com/content/1/1/6

Literature in the Dark Ages: the Apocrypha

Professor Rodgers Humanities I November 5, 2010 Literature in the Dark Ages: The Apocrypha The Dark ages is referred to as such for many reasons there was plague and sickness that hit humanity during this time and people lived in fear to name a few. But one main reason is the fact that not much information exists about this period in history. Nearly all the ancient critical texts were lost during the Middle Ages. Emperor Flavius Juvianus ordered the burning of Antioch Library.Tons of books were burnt. Pagan temples and libraries were looted or burnt down (1). During the Dark Ages the literature by clergy was produced and preserved more than any other literature. The church was considered the authority on intellect at the time so it was there works that were reproduced in the greatest volume. Clergy therefore dominated literature during this time period. It was in the Dark Ages that there were records of as many as 200 epistles and accounts of the life of Jesus Christ that were said t o have been written.Only 27 were preserved. Of the 193 that were discarded Claytor 2 some people considered them to be fiction pieces of literature, some esteemed them as true and to some they were thought to be fraudulent. The writings that were believed to have been oppressed by Christians during the Dark ages are esteemed by some as lost spiritual teachings. In fact some of these teachings were discovered in 1945 and they expounded on the teachings that are recorded in the bible.They speak of a secret gospel of Mark, secret teachings of John, an account of the Gospels written by Thomas, the Apocalypse of Paul, as well as spiritual insight written by a woman which is called Pistils Sophia. These teachings are by a group called Gnostics. Gnostics were Christians whose belief system was based more upon knowledge than faith. Their name is derived the word Gnosis which is spiritual insight. They heavily embraced the hidden writings.It is likely that due to their Criticisms and differe nces with the Roman Orthodox church that members of the Gnostic sect were burned at the stake and many of their writings destroyed by the Church. Before the discovery of Gnostic writings, our only knowledge of additional accounts of the life and death of Jesus Christ came from a letter written by Church Father Clement of Alexandria (150 AD – 211 AD). In the letter Father Alexandria quotes this secret gospel and refers to it as â€Å"a more spiritual gospel for the use of those who were being perfected.    He said, â€Å"It Claytor 3 even yet is most carefully guarded [by the church at Alexandria], being read only to those who are being initiated into the great mysteries. (2). It is important to note that while Father Alexandria was a proponent of Gnosis, which was a knowledge or insight into the infinite, he rejected the concept as defined by the Gnostic sect. The oppressed writings were considered by some scholars as According to the Early Christian Church the additional writings of the life of Jesus were considered useful but were omitted from records because they weren’t considered to be divinely inspired.The gospels were separated into two categories. They are considered either canonical or non-canonical. The canonical writings are those that were included in the gospels in the bible. The non-canonical were called were considered apocryphal. The word Apocrypha literally means hidden writings. While the different branches of the early church disagreed about which writings were canonical and which were apocryphal they all subscribed to the belief that some writings were divinely inspired by God and others were not. Within the apocryphal writings are accounts of the infancy of Jesus in which they account the childhood of Jesus.There are those that give different perspectives of the passions and the Gospel of Thomas records many sayings of Jesus that are Claytor 4 not included in the bible. The early Christian church deemed many of these writ ings useful but do not believe all were divinely inspired. There are those who believe the lost writings are fraudulent or fiction works. Some of them that subscribe to this belief have concluded that, whether canonical or apocryphal, none of the accounts of the lives of Jesus are true.They believe that by omitting 173 of 200 accounts of the life of Jesus the church proves that it used the writings they selected to merely maintain their power and control. Edward Gibbon, a historian whose work has been heavily criticized by the Christian church, wrote â€Å"The origin of these fraudulent documents was none other than the church. Gibbon tells us: â€Å"Orthodox theologians were tempted, by the assurance of impunity, to compose fictions, which must be stigmatized with the epithets of fraud and forgery. They ascribed their own polemical works to the most venerable names of Christian antiquity. Others who challenge the validity of these writings are Christians who believe some accounts to be true but not others. J. G. Davis, A Christian teacher of Theology, wrote in his book The Early Christian Church â€Å"(they are merely) another genre of literature, devised for reading by the faithful during their leisure time, and corresponding in some ways to the novels of a later era. † Claytor 5 The oppressed ancient writings of Christianity are very controversial.There are little to no facts about the writings that are not debated, disagreed upon or refuted in some way. What is clear is that there are some writings about the life of Jesus that are either currently in existence or evidently existed at some time in history, although the number of apocryphal writings is uncertain. It is also certain that these writings give an account of the same occurrences as those considered canonical by the early Christian church. They are closely related writings that are recorded in the bible and considered by Christians as the true accounts of the life of Jesus.Claytor 6 Cited Workshttp://reluctant-messenger. com/Lost-Doctrines-Christianity003. htm  Ã‚  The Early Christian Church, p. 83 (1965). History of Christianity, p. 598http://www. gnosis. org/library/strom2. htm

Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essay

I would like to share this wonderful story that I had chosen for my English class research‘s paper â€Å"Everyday use† by Alice Walker. The story of â€Å"Everyday Use† is about a single mother and her two daughters, Dee and Maggie. Dee is the family’s proud. She is beautiful, smart and educated, on the other hand, Maggie is simple, low confident and her skin burned severely in a house fire. The author Alice Walker uses Mama as the narrator in the â€Å"Everyday Use† to describe these two characters, Maggie and Dee, to show us two different views of culture and tradition heritage during 1970’s. My thoughts on the story were drawn from personal experience with my own grandmother’s by entrusting their granddaughters with valuable heritage connections. This story also taught me how to value more my family. I also like this story because applies to every young person, and especially to all the young women who do not attempt to understand to respect the women who made them. I enjoyed reading it and symbolized the life of a family that is learning what their heritage really is and how to use it. I love the person I have become and I often scorn my grandparents, in their education and values. Today Most of us do not think about passing things down from one generation to another, either objects or traditions and I think is a valuable to understands the importance of cultural heritage and the story suggests that children should appreciate their heritage as it is passed down.

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co Coursework - 1

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co - Coursework Example This paper illustrates that the Selfridges Ð ¡ompany was originally a part of the ‘Sears Group’ and was described as the personification of another organization called Grace Brothers after acquiring of an old-fashioned, stuffy image in 1980 and 1990s. However, the organization failed to grow stronger because of the lack of logistics support, lack of knowledge about supply chain relationships, minimum use of technology and an extremely hierarchical and complicated organizational structure. The company underwent rapid transformation since 1990 when the new chief executive Vittorio Radice was born. With this, the original management team was replaced by a new senior management team. This management team was responsible for the creation and implementation of new HR practices and policies which will be discussed in the project. Special emphasis would be provided with regards to the management and leadership styles in Selfridges and the role played by the team leaders of the organization for making it successful. Selfridges was established in the Oxford Street on the 15th of March, 1909 with the focus on department stores and retailing institutions. The history of the company is unique because of the history and background of the company. It began as a small shop which was designed to become a departmental store. The organizational culture of the company was such where decisions were primarily taken by the management and leaders; however, they were designed to bring the maximum benefit to the employees. The company had the vision of emerging as the most exciting and best chain of departmental stores in Europe. This would be done by meeting the requirements and needs of customers through the delivery of the best quality of services and the development of the maximum operational efficiency. HR policies and procedures at Trafford Parks Recruitment At Trafford Park, the maximum responsibility, and authority were provided to the HR department. They even had the complete autonomy to create its own HR policies and procedures. The opening of the store was done with the recruitment of 650 numbers of staff and their training as well. Candidates were recruited on the basis of their knowledge about the company’s product and their abilities to create a relationship with their customers and building bonds with them by gaining their loyalty. Candidates with experience in retail were recruited. However, very few of the candidates were transferred from London. A critical analysis of the situation reveals that the recruitment procedure was not sound as many people were not able or willing to adapt to the new human resource procedures in the organization. It is important that the recruitment procedure is sound in order to ensure that the right kind of staff is selected who can contribute to the organization effectively.

Immigrants' Food Traditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigrants' Food Traditions - Research Paper Example As we walk across a supermarket in America we realize the impact of immigrants’ food in the United States. The citizens of the USA have easily adjusted to Mexican food habits. This has increased the availability of a wide range of cuisines in American food today. Food represents the culture of a country. Mexican cuisines are basically simple they are easy to cook. As it is cheap and tasty Mexican food is widely accepted by Americans. When Americans refer to Mexican cuisine they usually talk about â€Å"Tex-Mex cooking, an extremely popular cuisine that spans the long border between the United States and Mexico. The food of the south western US state of New Mexico and the dishes of many of the Native American peoples of the southwestern US, employ similar dish names to many Tex – Mex and some Mexican dishes, but use different flavorings and cooking techniques† (Essman para 1). Tex-Max foods are made spicy with the use of chilies, pepper, garlic, onion and other sp ices. â€Å"Beans are a primary starch, along with the flatbread, wheat or corn based, known as tortillas. The corn chip, the tortilla chip, and the piquant tomato dip known as salsa are all Tex-Max inventions, better known in bars and casual restaurants in Minneapolis, Seattle, or Chicago than they are in Mexico City or Guadalajara. Some other typical Tex-Mex favorites include† (Essman para 5). ... It became widely popular among youngsters in 1970s. â€Å"The original Tex-Mex hybrid began with a mixture of European Spanish and the Native-American cook ways of the region. When a number of families from the Canary Islands migrated to San Antonio in 1731, they brought a taste for Spanish and North African spices like cumin and cilantro that would differ from those that would become popular in metropolitan Mexico. Some theorists believe that Tex-Mex chili is a descendant of the Moroccan stews that are still today slow-cooked in the distinctive tangine clay oven† (Essman para 3). â€Å"Tex-Mex describes a great American food tradition† (Essman para 1). Tex-Max food varieties are very popular, and they are easily available in United States. It could be described as a typical food which is dominant and ethnic in its quality. It has been integrated with the mainstream eating delicacies of America. Americans have introduced some new cooking styles in the traditional Mexica n food. â€Å"American variants of Mexican cooking also add prodigious quantities of cheese, either shredded or melted, to nearly every dish, a practice rare in Mexico itself. The same heavy hand applies to the American use of sauces of all kinds. North of the border portions are larger, plates crammed with dishes that tend to run one into the other. In Mexico, the soft corn tortilla performs the function that bread on the table performs in the United States; it is a side starch. In the United States, tortillas, often fried up to a state of crispiness, become an ingredient in nearly every dish† (Essman para 3). Some Mexican dishes are served in a different style in the United States. Dishes like â€Å"enchiladas, tacos, and tamales are cooked and served differently† (Essman para 2). Mexican food has

IDS policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IDS policy - Essay Example Also, there are different evils associated to these network structures. For instance, personal information theft, business information hacking and virus attacks are the contemporary issues businesses are facing nowadays in the network communication and data transfer areas (Frederick, 2002). Furthermore, because of the increasing amount of intrusions the local networks and Internet have turned out to be uncertain, therefore, businesses more and more applying a variety of systems that monitor information technology security breaches (Sans, 2009). Network intrusion as its name represents, attempts to recognize attempted or applied intrusions into network and to carry out proper actions for the intrusions. Intrusion detection includes an extensive collection of methods that differ on several axes. A few of these axes comprise: (Silberschatz, Galvin, & Gagne, 2004) The types of input inspected to identify intrusive action. These could comprise user shell commands, process system calls, as well as network packet headers or contents. Several types of intrusions might be identified only by correlating information from various such sources. The variety of action capabilities. Basic and straightforward types of actions consist of changing an administrator of the possible intrusion or in some way halting the potentially intrusive action, for instance, killing a course of action engaged in actually intrusive activity. In a complicated type of action, a system might clearly redirect an intruder’s action to a trap. A false resource exposed to the attacker with the aim of observing and gaining information about the attack; to the attacker, the resource appears real. These levels of freedom in the design of space for detecting intrusions in systems have brought an extensive variety of solutions acknowledged as intrusions detection systems (IDS) (Silberschatz, Galvin, & Gagne, 2004). Gem Infosys desires to protect

USING EVIDENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

USING EVIDENCE - Essay Example Leaving children unsupervised, ignoring their needs, and making them feel unworthy are forms of child abuse as well. Several myths are related to child abuse; for instance, abuse is related to violence, only strangers abuse children, and abuse does not occur in families (Saisan, Smith & Segal, 2012). Therefore, it is important for the staff to learn the symptoms and signs of child abuse, and as a result, making a difference in their lives. Schools are regarded as a second home for children; despite the staff being trained on their profession, training on signs of child abuse is also vital. Members of staff can have positive influence on the children’s lives once they detect signs of abuse at an early stage. This is because child abuse has serious effects on children, which affect their academics and future lives as well, such as, the ability to maintain a healthy relationship and lack of self-worth. This essay will discuss whether staff members are trained appropriately to rec ognize signs of child abuse. Both academic and online sources will be used to produce a literature review, and their outcome will be discussed as well. When child abuse is detected at an early stage, it gives room for recovery and effective treatment for the abused child. According to Children First (2011, p.8), child abuse occurs in different forms; neglect involves depriving a child his/her needs such as clothing, food, shelter, security, health care services and love. Therefore, neglect can be defined as ill-treatment of a child by depriving his/her needs. Signs of neglect include frequent absenteeism from school, stealing or begging for food, lack of clothing and medical care, and lack of personal hygiene (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2007; Cambridgeshire county council N.d, p.5). Secondly, emotional abuse occurs when a child is deprived affection, such as, unresponsive parent who neglects his responsibility to the child and unrealistic

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 14

Philosophy - Essay Example Consequences of an action should be important criteria for the people. Velasquez has maintained that various philosophers like Bantham had pursued the philosophy that actions, which result in maximum happiness for maximum number of people, are invariable good and therefore, the end justifies the means if it generates happiness for people. Popularised as act utilitarian theory, the actions, that are designed to benefit or have beneficial cascading effects on others, are morally and ethically right. Morality can only be defined by rationalizing about ‘whether one is inflicting evil on others’. Emmanuel Kant has been emphatic that moral obligations are imperatives and his two Rules define the categorical imperatives: Rules of Universality; and Rules of Respect. The first one makes says that people at all time must act appropriately and the second rules promotes the value of respect and says that well being al all individuals is important and therefore, one should not use others for their own vested interests. Velasquez has preferred the moderated version of Kantian philosophy and believes that people must act in the manner that minimizes harm and promotes happiness amongst maximum number of people. No, ethics are not based on virtues. Virtues can be broadly defined as highly recommending characteristics of moral principles that people aspire for but they are not mandatory code of conduct. Ethics, on the other hand are value based conduct that are needed to lead a worthy life which serves the benefit of the people at large. Therefore, a person may aspire to be generous and honest in his working, but even if he is not generous or honest but he does not harm others by his actions, he will not be considered unethical. The philosophy is part and parcel of every human being and he or she exhibit it through the wisdom and individual perspectives

Human Cognition and the Role of the Internet Essay

Human Cognition and the Role of the Internet - Essay Example These cognition deficiencies are considered attributable to Internet use because the way information presented in the Internet influences human cognition. For instance, in Is Google Making Us Stupid?, Nicholas Carr argues that Internet use affects reading habits, as well as comprehension and retention of information (57). The way Google presents the information affects the way people understand the information, as well. The design of the web pages, which are oftentimes collage-like, divides the attention of readers. Web pages are often full of advertisements with flashing colors that distract the concentration of readers. Additionally, there are also hyperlinks that merely draw the attention of readers, rather than point to sites containing significant information. In addition, advertisements that are put together with information may divert the attention of Internet users. Thus, as the human mind reprograms itself to adapt with the technologies, the human mind also adapts the collag e-like structure of information as projected in the Internet. Relatively, human cognition becomes inclined to prefer shortened information over the detailed, lengthy ones. Considering the effects of the Internet on human cognition, it can be said that Internet users need to be evaluative when gathering information from the Internet. As mentioned by McLuhan, the media, which include the Internet, are not just ways in which information are generated and transferred (qtd. in Carr 57). The media also direct and influence the way people understand the information that is being transferred through them. The complexity and amount of information produced by the media often confuses people hindering them to think and evaluate information critically and contemplatively. Aside from this, the Internet also influences the way people see and use information. In its capacity to transfer and generate information faster, the internet leaves people behind should they fail to cope with the fast inform ation transfer. In addition, the bulk of the information contained in the Internet overwhelms readers in such a way that readers will be trapped in the wide variety of topics in the Internet. The problem of information segregation comes as people get confronted with various hyperlinks that may not point to appropriate and relevant information. As internet users toggle from link to link, internet users may lose their focus and get trapped in another information that are not related to the topic at hand. In this context, it can be said that the fast, complex, and vast information contained in the Internet may decrease concentration that may, in turn, decrease retention of information. Thus, problems related to cognitive deficiencies come when the human mind cannot cope with the complexity and speed of information transfer in the Internet. So, the question as to whether Google (or the internet, in general) had made people stupid is thought-provoking and worthy of critical investigation . While there are evidences that prove the inhibiting effects of internet use, the Internet also provides information that could raise the awareness of people on certain subjects. Accordingly, to resolve the issue, researchers need to investigate whether it is really the internet that causes retention and comprehension gap, or it is merely the changing perspectives of users when it